Class 12 Syllabus

Unit I: Computational Thinking and Programming - 2

Revision of the basics of Python covered in Class XI.

Functions: scope, parameter passing, mutable/immutable properties of data objects, passing strings, lists, tuples, dictionaries to functions, default parameters, positional parameters, return values, functions using libraries: mathematical and string functions.

File handling: Need for a data file, Types of file: Text files, Binary files and CSV (Comma separated values) files.

Unit I: Solid State

Classification of solids based on different binding forces: molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea). Unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, electrical and magnetic properties. 

Band theory of metals, conductors, semiconductors and insulators and n & p type semiconductors.

Part A: Principles and Functions of Management

Unit I: Nature and Significance of Management

• Management - concept, objectives and importance
• Management as Science, Art and Profession
• Levels of management
• Management functions - planning, organising, staffing, directing and controlling
• Coordination - concept, characteristics and importance

Unit 2: Principles of Management

Unit V: Protein and Gene Manipulation

Chapter-1: Recombinant DNA Technology

Introduction; Tool of rDNA Technology; Marketing Recombinant DNA; Introduction of Recombinant DNA into Host Cells; Identification of Recombinants; DNA Library; DNA Probes; Hybridization Techniques; Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR); DNA Secquencing; Site-directed Mutagenesis

Chapter-2: Protein Structure and Engineering

Unit VI. Reproduction

Chapter-1: Reproduction in Organisms

Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of species; Asexual reproduction Modes of reproduction-Asexual and sexual reproduction; Modes-Binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule, fragmentation; vegetative propagation in plants.

Chapter-2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Unit I: Numbers, Quantification and Numerical Applications

• Modulo Arithmetic
• Congruence modulo
• Simple arithmetic functions
• Allegation or Mixture
• Numerical problems on boats and streams; partnership; pipes and cistern; races and games, scheduling
• Numerical inequalities

Unit II: Algebra

• Solution of simultaneous linear equations using elimination method (up to 3 variables)
• Matrices and types of matrices
• Algebra of matrices
• Determinants
• Inverse of a matrix
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Part A: Accounting for Partnership Firms and Companies

Unit 1: Accounting for Partnership Firms

• Partnership: features, Partnership Deed. 
• Provisions of the Indian Partnership Act 1932 in the absence of partnership deed.
• Fixed v/s fluctuating capital accounts.Preparation of Profit and Loss Appropriation account- division of profit among partners, guarantee of profits.
• Past adjustments (relating to interest on capital, interest on drawing, salary and profit sharing ratio).
• Goodwill: nature, factors affecting and methods of valua