COURSE STRUCTURE CLASS X (Annual Examination)

Unit
No.
Unit Marks
I Chemical Substances-Nature and Behaviour 26
II World of Living 23
III Natural Phenomena 12
IV Effects of Current 14
V Natural Resources 05
Total 80
Internal assessment 20
Grand Total 100

Theme: Materials
Unit I: Chemical Substances - Nature and Behaviour
Chemical reactions: Chemical equation, Balanced chemical equation, implications of a
balanced chemical equation, types of chemical reactions: combination, decomposition,
displacement, double displacement, precipitation, neutralization, oxidation and reduction.
Acids, bases and salts: Their definitions in terms of furnishing of H+ and OH- ions, General
properties, examples and uses, concept of pH scale (Definition relating to logarithm not
required), importance of pH in everyday life; preparation and uses of Sodium Hydroxide,
Bleaching powder, Baking soda, Washing soda and Plaster of Paris.
Metals and nonmetals: Properties of metals and non-metals; Reactivity series; Formation and
properties of ionic compounds.
Carbon compounds: Covalent bonding in carbon compounds. Versatile nature of carbon.
Homologous series.
Periodic classification of elements: Need for classification, early attempts at
classification of elements (Dobereiner’s Triads, Newland’s Law of Octaves,
Mendeleev’s Periodic Table), Modern periodic table, gradation in properties, valency,
atomic number, metallic and non-metallic properties.
Theme: The World of the Living
Unit II: World of Living
Life processes: ‘Living Being’. Basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion
in plants and animals.
Reproduction: Reproduction in animals and plants (asexual and sexual) reproductive healthneed and methods of family planning. Safe sex vs HIV/AIDS. Child bearing and women’s
health.
Heredity: Heredity; Mendel’s contribution- Laws for inheritance of traits: Sex determination:
brief introduction;
Theme: Natural Phenomena
Unit III: Natural Phenomena
Reflection of light by curved surfaces; Images formed by spherical mirrors, centre of curvature,
principal axis, principal focus, focal length, mirror formula (Derivation not required),
magnification.
Refraction; Laws of refraction, refractive index.
Refraction of light by spherical lens; Image formed by spherical lenses; Lens formula
(Derivation not required); Magnification. Power of a lens.
Refraction of light through a prism, dispersion of light, scattering of light, applications in daily
life.
Theme: How Things Work
Unit IV: Effects of Current
Electric current, potential difference and electric current. Ohm’s law; Resistance, Resistivity,
Factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends. Series combination of resistors,
parallel combination of resistors and its applications in daily life. Heating effect of electric
current and its applications in daily life. Electric power, Interrelation between P, V, I and R.
Magnetic effects of current : Magnetic field, field lines, field due to a current carrying
conductor, field due to current carrying coil or solenoid; Force on current carrying conductor,
Fleming’s Left Hand Rule, Electric Motor, Electromagnetic induction. Induced potential
difference, Induced current. Fleming’s Right Hand Rule.
Theme: Natural Resources
Unit V: Natural Resources
Our environment: Eco-system, Environmental problems, Ozone depletion, waste production
and their solutions. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances.
*****
ONLY FOR INTERNAL ASSESSMENT
Note: Learners are assigned to read the below listed part of Unit V. They can be
encouraged to prepare a brief write up on any one concept of this Unit in their Portfolio.
This may be an assessment for Internal Assessment and credit may be given (Periodic 
assessment/Portfolio). This portion of the Unit is not to be assessed in the year-end
examination.
Management of natural resources: Conservation and judicious use of natural resources.
Forest and wild life; Coal and Petroleum conservation. Examples of people’s participation for
conservation of natural resources. Big dams: advantages and limitations; alternatives, if any.
Water harvesting. Sustainability of natural resources.